And grinding mill



(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

J. P'. WINGHELL. GRUSHING- AND GRINDING MILL.

No. 416,533. x Patented Deo. 3, 1889.,

(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2. -J. F. WINGHELL.

GRUSHING AND GRINDING MILL.

No. 416,533. Patented Deo. 3, 1889.

Eil/7,5

UNITED STATES P1. .TENT OFFICE.

K JAMES F. IVINOHELL, OF SPRINGFIELD, OHIO, ASSIGNOR TO TI-IE FOOSMANUFACTURING COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

CRUSHING AND GRINDING MILL.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 416,533, dated December3, 1889.

Application led February 8, 1889. Serial No. 299,150. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

. Be it known that I, JAMES F. IVINCHELL, a citizen of the UnitedStates, residing at Springeld, in the county of Clark and State of Ohio,have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Crushing andGrinding Mills, of which the following is a specification, referencebeing had therein to the accompanying drawings.

This invention relates to certain new and useful improvements incrushing and grinding mills, and it is designed with reference to theinitial reduction of ear-corn, either with or without the shuck on theears, of bones, bark, and other refractory substances.

The improvements have reference to th employment, in a hopper or otherportion of the mill-casing, Vof a crusher having spiral peripheralcutting or crushing edges and a cooperating crusher having substantiallyaxial peripheral similar cutting-edges for the purpose of effecting adraw cut between the op- Y posing edges of the two Crushers tofacilitate the reduction of the material and its disintegration in caseswhere itis of abrous nature; have reference to the form of the cuttingparts of the crushers, which are so fashioned that each constitutes acutting or crushing face with two distinct cutting or crushing edges orcorners; have reference to interchangeably rotating either of thecrushers at a greater speed than'its associate, so as to effect thecutting action between the forward cutting-edge of the fast Crusher andthe rear cutting-edge of the slow crusher, so as to wear first one edgeor corner and then the other edge or corner of the cutting-surfaces ofthe said crushers,whereby the duration or life of such crushers isgreatly prolonged, and whereby the wearin g of one of such edges tendsto make the other sharper, thus keeping up a self-sharpening action, thecrushers being adjustable toward each other to comventing the shuck andother fibrous material from winding around the Crushers and being packedbetween either of them and the wall of the hopper, which will result inchoking the mill and lessenng its output, and have reference to certaindetails of construction andV arrangement hereinafter more fully pointedout.

In the accompanying drawings, forming a part of thisspecification, andon which like reference-letters indicate corresponding parts, Figure lrepresents a plan view of a portion of a hopper with my improvedcrushers and the several adjunct features applied thereto; Fig. 2, avertical sectional view of Fig. 1 on the line thereof; Fig. 3, a detailview of one of the crushers, showing more clearly the construction ofthe cutting features; Fig. 4, a view of the two crushers, showing one'ofthem with its cutting-surface slightly spiral; Figs. 5 and 6, sectionalviews of portions of the crushers, their shafts, the journal-boxes, and4adjacent part of the hopper, showing the means of preventing thewinding of the shucks, tbc.; Fig. 7, an enlarged fragmentary end view ofa portion of the hopper, acrushershaft, its box, and the means ofadjusting the same; and Fig. S, a plan view and partial sectional viewof portions of the cut-off, the gravitating detent, and the hopper.

The letter A designates the hopper or upper portion of the casing of agrinding-mill of any approved type, but preferably ot` the type shownand described in Letters Patent issued March l5, 1887, No. 359,588, tomy assignees of this case, The Foos Manufacturing Company, ofSpringfield, Ohio. This hopper has secured to it a portion B by means ofnuts and bolts C and flanges D, while this portion is in turn adaptedvto be connected with the casing proper of the mill by devices whichengage the openings in the flanges E. In the portion B of the hopper Iform ways for the support of a cut-off F, the ways being preferablycomposed of flange-strips G, secured at the sides of the hopper-throat.This cut-off is serrated at one end, as seen in Fig. S, and is engagedby the short end of a pivoted gravit-ating detent H, whereby it islocked at different positions. The right strip IOO I in Fig. 2, whilethe hopper at the opposite side is fashioned with a similar "flange J,These latter flanges prevent the cutoff from upward displacement. Thecut-off in cross section is preferably of the shape shown in Fig. 2, therabbet on the upper side affording a seat for a supplemental cut-off K,which is adjusted back and forth on the main cut-off and secured by athumb-nut L, as seen in Fig. 1.

The details of the supplemental cutoff are not material to the presentimprovements, and are not therefore more fully illustrated.

At either end the hopper is constructed with a shelf or ledge M, eitherof one piece with it or of a separate piece secured to itin any desiredmanner. Upon these ledges M are placed and bolted the boxes O of thecrusher-shafts, the bolts P of which pass through the slots Q in theshelves M, so as to admit of adjusting the blocks toward each other asthe crushers lessen in diameter in consequence of wear. l The ends ofeach shelf M carry an adjustlng-screw R, provided with a jam-nut S, andare used to adjust the boxes toward each other a very slight distance ata time. From Figs. 5 and (3 it will be seen that the boxes Q areconstructed with a forwardly-projecting annular flange T, which flangeand the adjacent end of the crusher overlap each other, the fiange orcrusher being the male member, according to the diameter of the crusher,as also suggested in Figs. 5 and 6. In either case the flange affords afixed or non-moving surface between the walls of the hopper and the endof the crusher, and it is around this surface that the shuck or fibrousmaterial will lodge and accumulate to a small extent, but only to asmall extent, as I have found by experiment and in practice; nor will itbind against the crusher and continue to increase in quan tityandpressure until it affects and finally stops the mill when this fixedsurface is afforded for it to collect on. If such surface is notprovided and strips of material get between the ends of the crushers andthe wallof the hopper, they will wind and increase and harden until it'will require to be cut with a chisel to remove it, as I have alsoascertained in practice. lith this surface, however, the difficulty isovercome.

'lhe letters U and V designate the crushershafts, upon which aresecured, in any convenient manner, the Crushers proper W and X,constructed of cast iron or steel, or both, or other suitable material.In speaking of the crushers in this specification it will be understoodthat I refer to these devices as a whole.

On the respective shafts of the Crushers are mounted a pinion Y and adriving-wheel Z, having a pinion Z connected thereto or formedtherewith. The`pinions Y and Zare of different diameter, as indicated inthe drawings, and are interchangeable, as also the gear-wheel Z, fromone shaft to the other,

so as to rotate either crusher faster than the other. As shown, thecrusher X will travel faster than the crusher W'. The wheel Z re ceivesmotion from some convenient part, preferably the main shaft of the millwhen the hopper is mounted upon it.

The crusher NV is constructed with a number of spiral cutting orcrushing surfaces a, having cutting or crushing edges b and c, which Iterm, respectively, the forward and rear cutting or crushing edges. Thecrusher X is constructed with the same cutting or crushing surfaces cl,having cuttingedges c and f,respectively, which I also term forward andrear cutting or crushing edges. The surface cl and the edges c and f,however, are either axial in their direction, or substantially so-thatis to say, are practically axial as compared to the pronounced sp' 'aldirection of their coacting surfaces or, and edges b and c. The objectof this arrangement as regards the direction of these surfaces and edgesof the respective crushers is to afford a draw cut between them, so asto co-operate in the crushing, reduction, and disintegration of thematerial, which draw cut is particularly valuable in disintegratingshucks and other fibrous material.

In order to enable the crusher X to feed the material toward theleft-hand end of the hopper, as seen in Fig. l, in which direction thecrusher W feeds the material, so that it will drop over the inner end ofthe cutoff when the latter is partly drawn out, I provide the hopper,near the said crusherX, with spiral ribs or heads g, which tend to movethe material in said direction as it is forced against them.

I have already alluded to the difference in the speed of the twocrushers and to the result this effects in relation to the coactionbetween the forward and rear cutting-edges, respectively, of the twocrushers. I find in the practical operation of these improvements thatthe edges e of the crusher X will coact with the edges c of the crusherlV, when geared as shown in Fig. 1. l also find that when the pinions Yand Z and the gearwheel Z are transferred from one shaft to the other ofthe Crushers the edge h of the crusher \V will coact with the edges f ofthc crusher X. The result of these actions is first to wear the surfacesa and CZ in thedirection of the dotted lines h, and then in that of thedotted lines t' in Fig. 3. 'lhus when one edge becomes dull the wear canbe shifted to the other edge and the edge first dulled resharpenedduring the operation of dulling the second edge. This greatlylengthensthc durability or time of usefulness of the cutting-edges,while, as the diameter of the crushers thus lessens, they can beadjusted together to preserve their proper distance apart through theadjustable boxes already described. 1

In Fig. et I have illustrated the crusher X with its surfaces D andedges c and j' run- ICO IIO

ning in a slightly spiral direction, in which case the ribs g will bedisposed to suit the particular pitch of such. surfaces and edges. Ihave illustrated this variance from the axial direction of said surfacesand edges in order that it may be understood that I do not confinemyself to running such surfaces and edges in a precisely axialdirection. There are other ways of adjusting the rollers toward eachother, and I do not wish to limit myself to the means shown anddescribed for this purpose. Nor yet do I wish to be understood aslimiting myself to a differential speed between the crushers when one ofthem haspronounced spiral cutting or crushing edges and the otherapproximately axial cutting or crushing edges, though I prefer to runthem at different speeds, and to first run one and then the other at thehigher speed.

Having fully described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is-

1. In a mill, t-he combination, with a hopper, of two crushers mountedtherein, one of which is constructed with peripheral spiral cutting orcrushing edges and the other with approximately axial peripheral cuttingor crushing edges and oblique ribs or raised surfaces within the hopper,and near to the latter crusher,whereby a longitudinal feeding action isobtained by the conjoint operation of said latter crushers andthe'oblique ribs or surfaces, and mechanism to rotate said crushers.

2. In a mill, the combination, with a hopper, of two crushers mountedtherein, one of which is constructed with peripheral spiral cutting orcrushing edges and the other with approximately axial peripheral cuttingor crushing ings in which said crushers are mounted, capap vble ofadjustment one with respect to Vthe other, and a gear-wheel and pinionmounted on one shaft and a larger pinion on the other shaft, saidgear-wheel and pinions being interchangeable fromshaft to shaft, andoblique ribs on the inner side of the hopper and near to the crusherwith axial cutting-edges, whereby a longitudinal feeding action isobtained by the conjoint operation of said latter crusher and theoblique ribs or surfaces,

4. In a mill, the combination, with a hopper, of two crushers mountedtherein, one of which has spiral peripheral surfaces, each surfacehaving two cutting-edges, and the other of which has axial peripheralcutting-surfaces, each surface having two cutting-edges, and mechanismfor rotating said crushers toward each other at differential speeds,whereby a draw cutis effected between the forward cutting-edge of onecrusher and the rear cuttingedge of the other crusher for thedisintegration of fibrous material.

5. In amill, the combination, with a hopper,

of two crushers mounted therein, with the bearingsthereof adjustablewith respect to each other, one of said crushers having spiralperipheral surfaces, each surface having two cutting-edges, and theother of said crushers having' axial peripheral surfaces, each surfacehaving two cutting-edges, and gearing interchangeable Vfrom onecrusher-shaft to the other and imparting differential speed to saidcrushers, whereby a draw cut is effected between the forwardcutting-edges of one crusher and the rear cutting-edges of the othercrusher for the disintegration of fibrous material.

6. In a mill, the combination, with the hopper and a shaft-box Securedthereto and provided with an inwardly-projecting annular iiange, of acrusher whose shaft is mounted in said box and the end of which isannularly recessed and extends over said fiange.

In testimony whereof I affix my signaturein presence of two witnesses.

JAMES F. VVINCHELL.

f Witnesses: 'e

CHASE STEWART, WARREN HULL.

